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Preventing Auto Accidents
using Information
Technology...
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Auto Accidents.
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Process. |
| To
the Driver. |
| About
the Driver. |
| G.P.S.
Technology. |
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| Auto
Accidents. |
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| The
concept... of reducing auto
accidents and saving lives by using 'Information' may seem a little strange but, the whole process of
driving, of successfully completing a journey from A-B involves accessing
'Information' from many different sources. As we drive we are
continually taking in 'Information' from... other drivers: the vehicle:
over the radio about traffic conditions: from road signs: and from street
directories. This section takes a look at the different types of
'Information'... how it was presented in the past/present... how it could be
presented in the present/future... and what difference [if any] having
something like a Road Supervisors Network could make. |
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At some stage... 'Information Technology' usually means collecting much more
Information than previously... but for the 'end-user' it just means having
easy access to the right Information. That means... Information
which is relevant to you: which is accurate: accessible: when you want it:
where you want it: and having it presented in a way which is simpler to
understand... so that making decisions becomes easier. |
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| The Process. |
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This section is about the process that a Road Supervisor type system
would use. All these processes are used already, but not in very
effective ways. Auto accidents occur for many reasons and just as that is
a complex problem, so must the solution be. The problem is far too
complex to solve by just changing the odd law... enforcing one particular
rule... or
handing out more fines. The problems stem from the drivers
themselves... from the many particular traits... habits... and faults... of millions
of individuals. |
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The overall standard of driving needs to be raise
considerably and to achieve this, 'the Process' could be... to use a
rather complicated metaphor... compared to...
having to repair a large and very complicated piece of electronic equipment which had
been badly damaged. You need to detect the faults on every individual
wire... reconnect them properly... and then 'test' the connection. A process
which is complex and time consuming.
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The present approach...
by the
Authorities is the equivalent of just going in occasionally with a large
hammer and hitting anything within reach! Banging around making a lot of
noise might fool some of the people... some of the time... but it definitely isn't going to fix
the problem!! |
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| Motivation. |
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The Old Way... There is very
little official attempt at motivating drivers to improve their
skills. Those who
attend advanced driver training have to motivate themselves. In
sports such as... tennis: golf: or skiing: people do not expect to reach a
high standard without expert coaching... but when it comes to driving most
people withdraw from the education process on the day they pass their
driving test. With a bit of experience they will reach their natural
level of competence and then that will be it... no more improvement however
much driving they do... bad habits will have set in... for
life!
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| The New Way...
Getting people to improve
their driving because they choose to... not because they are being made
to...
would be much easier if it was part of an official policy. With the
target of becoming a
Road Supervisor... there would be something very positive to aim for. As
a Road Supervisor a high standard of behaviour would be expected... this
concept is not just about having a bit of power and trying to teach
others... it's about being a good example... a positive influence... being
prepared to learn from others... and to make improvements to yourself.
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by...
A systematic improvement in driving standards would reduce the rate of
auto accidents... and that means an improvement by everyone... even good drivers...
turning good drivers into very good drivers... and very good drivers into
excellent drivers. There would also be a very definite commitment by
a significant number of drivers to upholding a code of conduct which would
put... safety: consideration: and courtesy... to other road users at the
forefront of their minds. |
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| Deterrents.
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The Old Way... At present there is very little in the way of
effective deterrents. In Britain... the Police presence on the roads
has become less and less. The chances of being caught breaking the
law are slim... and if you are one of the 5% who don't even register the
vehicle at their own address... they are almost non-existent.
Insurance and Road Tax are expensive... the fine for having none is
low. Government policies actually encourage people to break the law.
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| The New Way...
With a Road Supervisor's scheme, the chances of being caught would be
very high. A vehicle could be 'flagged' if registered at the
wrong address... clamped if it didn't have any road tax... checked against
an Insurance Database... reported by Mobile Phone and intercepted
immediately. Or at least... 'flagged' in the system... so that if
they later pass a police car equipped with a Number Plate Recognition
system they will be stopped. But, effective deterrents only work if there is
follow-up action... and at the moment there is a complete lack of
Political will... when it comes to enforcing the law, on those who wilfully
break it.
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by... It is an established fact, that the most effective
deterrent is the perception of being caught... rather than the severity of
any sentence. Also... drivers who do not have their documentation in
order are far more likely to break other laws... or flee the scene of an
accident. Drivers must have the perception that they definitely will
get caught... that any punishment will be enforced... and that
"it isn't worth the risk".
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| Legal
Alternative... In addition, there needs to be a viable
alternative. There are thousands of illegal immigrants driving
around in death-traps who couldn't get insurance even if they wanted to...
another situation created by Politicians. Many young drivers have no
Insurance because... they buy an old car for £200 and then it costs them
£1-2000+ for the Insurance... but if they get caught... the Fine will
probably only be about £1-200... so why bother?
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Australia... they pay a 'Vehicle Registration Fee' which also
covers the compulsory Insurance... for the Vehicle... so, any
driver is automatically covered. The cost is determined by the
value and power of the vehicle... rather than the driver. Small, low
powered vehicles are cheap to Register... so anyone can start with a small
car just to get themselves mobile. Something similar could to be
introduced in Britain... even if only offered on vehicles in the lowest
Insurance Groups... it would give everyone a viable option.
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| Education. |
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The Old Way... For most drivers formal education ended the day they passed their
driving test. Beyond that, their education is only developed through
experience. Governments usually make some attempt to 'educate'
drivers... this usually involves using television advertisements to bombard
every single driver with the same simplistic messages... year after
year... regardless of their
level of competence or experience. |
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Again... the banging around with
a big hammer approach!
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| The New Way...
Road
Supervisors detect the faults. Any Information
sent out is relevant to the individual driver... and initially, the onus is on
them to repair their own faults. They could be sent many individual
reports/inserts... and have many opportunities to fix the problems, before
anyone else became involved. But, if there were no changes, then
inevitably, others would become involved and changes would be imposed. |
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Whatever the approach the
'Process' is about repairing the small faults on the individual 'wires',
and not hitting things with big hammers!
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by... Raising
the standard of driving by giving drivers 'unbiased feedback'... helping
them to fine tune their driving skills... and iron
out very specific faults. |
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| Social
Pressure. |
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The Old Way... If you
don't know what someone is doing how can you get them to stop doing
it? The odd speeding ticket tells you almost nothing about a
driver. Again you are
limited to Information concerning Fines and Accidents... and that just might
be too late to do anything about it.
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| The New Way... Once you
have the Information... you know there is a problem... then you are in a
position to do something about it. If you are a... Parent: or an
Employer: the very fact that you know... and they know that you know... may be
enough for them to fix the problem. If not, they may be in a
position to exert some Pressure. If it isn't working you would know
because reports would continue to arrive. |
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So again... this process
involves many people trying to fix very specific
problems.
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by...
Making Information available to those in positions of influence... so as to
systematically repair the faults of those who are not fixing their own
faults. |
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| Enforcement. |
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The Old Way... Drivers are often made to attend courses after they
have been involved in an auto accident... or if convicted of a serious offence in
Court. 'Enforcing'
a change on someone is not easy. As the Authorities know almost nothing about the
driver... they don't know
if the course is really the right course... and once completed they leave and
there is no way to monitor their progress... unless they have another
accident. So, on what basis can you judge
any improvement? None! For all you know your efforts could have been
a complete waste of time. |
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This is at least some effort
to deal with the problems of particular individuals. But this is like... we
think there is some kind of a problem with this 'wire'... not sure what?
we'll play around with it a bit... won't bother 'testing' it... and then we'll
just move on an have a go at some other 'wires'!!
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| The New Way... If you
are going to send someone on a course to improve their driving you need to
know what they were like before hand: [pre-course Information] then you can make
sure they are on an appropriate course... and you also need to monitor their
progress afterwards: [post-course Information.] Then you have some kind of basis
to know whether you have been successful in changing someone's behaviour
or not. And if you haven't, you get them back in and try again. [A Review
Panel would decide on the appropriate course after examining their file... and
an extensive interview with the driver concerned... then monitor their
post-course progress.] |
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This 'Process' is the
equivalent of... diagnosing the fault on a 'wire': making the repair: checking
it: and if it still isn't quite right... you do it
again.
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by...
identifying the most serious and persistent offenders... and systematically eradicating
their high-risk behaviour. |
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| Punishment. |
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The Old Way... Consider
one incident and decide on an appropriate punishment... often based on very little
Information. Then hit them with a big stick in the hope they won't do it
again... and
it will serve as a warning to others. This really is a woefully
inadequate system... all to often drivers find themselves in Court for no
good reason... while others, who deserve to be dealt with severely walk away with a pathetically
inappropriate sentence.
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| The New Way... Also
considers one incident... but any decision could be based on a lot more
Information about the
individual concerned. A driver's File might give a much better
insight as to whether something was a genuine accident or whether it was
the inevitable result of high-risk activity which had been going on for
some time without being corrected. When someone starts driving again after a
Ban... they should be given additional training if required... and their progress closely monitored.
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by... Reducing the worst kind of behaviour... because drivers know they would be held to
account if they caused death or injury because of reckless behaviour. |
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We fully acknowledge that this
is always going to be a very difficult area. All the time people are
going to travel around at high speed in large chunks of steel... mistakes
will be made... and some people will inevitably be injured and killed.
If we want to use the roads it's a risk we just have to
accept. |
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As we look to the future...
none of us can say for certain which of us will
end up in Hospital: [or worse!] and which of us will end up in
Court. At the end of the day most people just want to see justice
done. The more Information you have at your disposal, the better the
chances are that those who cause death and injury because of a blatant
disregard for the welfare of others are punished... and that those who made a
genuine error of judgement are not. |
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| To the Driver. |
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'Information' is given to... or absorbed by the driver in many different
ways... and about many
different aspects of driving... especially along unfamiliar routes. Often
Information requires some kind of a response... and relevant... accurate Information should make it easier to give the right,
considered response in good time. |
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| About the
Vehicle. |
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The Old Way... Concerning its speed... whether there is fuel in the
tank... warning lights for various functions... but little detail. There is also more subtle Information
which the driver absorbs about the vehicle... listening to the sound of the
engine... the revs... or through the steering wheel.
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The Government... also wants to know a great deal about the
vehicle. Is it... Insured: Taxed: Roadworthy: Registered at the correct address: etc.
etc.
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| The New Way...
Vehicle
gives more Information... if the fuel is getting low... flashing lights if it
gets extremely low. It can tell you how many miles left in
the tank... or other Information about... servicing: brakes: etc.
With sophisticated electronics
prioritising this Information and 'Flashing' anything important.
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Illegal Activity... When people deliberately Register their vehicles at the wrong address
there is invariably a very good reason why they have done so. They
have been Banned from driving... vehicle is Unroadworthy... not Insured... or are
engaged in some form of Criminal Activity. It also means that
tickets from such things as Speed Cameras... or for Illegal Parking... never
catches up with them. If they are involved in an accident they are
far more likely to try and flee the scene. With The Road Supervisors
Network it would be far more likely that drivers would comply with the
rules because the likelihood of being caught would be much greater... just
one report, returned, 'not known at this address', and their chances of
being stopped by the Police would be greatly increased. |
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents... due to equipment failure.
If the Government keeps on top of the whole registration process it means
less unroadworthy vehicles on the roads. It is also better if vehicles
don't break down... or run out of fuel... this can cause inconvenience and
danger for others. Having just one vehicle break down... stopping in
the wrong place... at the wrong time... can cause a major hold up. If
someone has all their documentation in order they are far less likely to
break the law... or behave in a reckless manner. |
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| About Traffic
Conditions. |
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The Old Way... Very limited...
mainly traffic reports over the radio... which often covers a wide area, so
most Information is of no interest. But you have to try and listen to it
just in case your route is mentioned. |
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| The New Way...
This is
certainly better than it was... a system
like 'Traffic Master' interrupts your radio station with reports in
your general area. But areas are still to big and the Information is not 100%
accurate: [you hear about a traffic jam half an hour after joining it.] On
the latest equipment 'Traffic Information' can be linked
into the GPS navigation system and give on-screen, or audio Information about interruptions
along your pre-programmed route... and ask you if you would like an
alternative route. [A company like Cellint
uses software to track mobile phone signals so it can calculate
average speeds and can instantly know when traffic grinds to a halt.]
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| Sending
Information. Vehicles could also be fitted with a facility to
send Information: i.e. GPS picks up where you are: using voice recognition
technology: you
say, 'Fog'--- 'Send', it then sends a warning to vehicles as they approach
that spot: if they are given this message and there is no fog: they tell their system, 'No Fog'---'Send',
[perhaps it takes 3 messages to start or stop a message, to prevent
hoaxers: if a vehicle is positively identified as a hoaxer any messages
from their vehicle could be blocked] This could be done for a whole
range of hazards so that Information is localised and up to the minute
accurate. |
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by... Limited.
You do see drivers who unexpectedly hit a traffic jam and try to perform
risky manoeuvres to try and extricate themselves from the situation.
If
they were warned earlier it would reduce stress levels... and
congestion... as
they could take an alternate route. |
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| Navigation. |
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The Old Way... You get
the required Information from road maps and street directories... but you still have
to match it up with road signs and plates showing street names.
Someone in front suddenly stops when you're looking for a street sign and
'bang', you're one of those myriad of small accidents that happens every
year... or worse. |
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| The New Way...
Satellite
Navigation
presents Information in a totally different way. Just tell the system where you
want to go... it will plan a route and give audible instructions as you
go...
'turn left 200 metres... turn
left 100 metres... turn left Now!'. Not more Information: [you
already have loads of Information in your street directory] just... the right
Information: at the right time: given in small doses: easy to understand:
and allows the driver to concentrate on the driving... instead of trying to
drive and look for street names at the same time.
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This is an excellent example
of how 'Information Technology' can make life easier for the 'End-User' by
presenting Information in a totally different way.
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Reduces Auto Accidents
by... Allowing
drivers to concentrate on their driving... instead of looking everywhere for
street names or road signs. It also gets them into position in good
time, so there are less sudden movements: i.e. braking: lane changing:
turning: etc.
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When a driver misses a turning... the system immediately starts looking for
an alternate route. The system still needs
refining, as often it doesn't use the smaller roads: [but also should not start
using residential streets as 'rat-runs'.] Could be 'fine tuned' to
some extent by having a
website for users to give feedback: i.e. 'the system told me to turn left and when
I got there, there was a sign saying 'No Left Turn', [believe this
has been tried but had a very poor response from the users.] It is possible to 'customise'
some systems... give it an address and records all your
shortcuts which someone else could then use... like a spouse, or a relief
delivery driver doing a round.
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| Road Conditions. |
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The Old Way... Is by using Road Signs which give... directions:
instructions: warnings: and more general 'Information' about the road
itself... like, bend: road narrows: steep hill: etc. |
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| The New Way...
Something
like a 'Road Angel', which uses GPS technology, warns of 'Speed Cameras'
[see Road Angel GPS.]
and is also programmed to warn drivers when they are approaching known
accident black spots: [using audio and visual signals.] With a Road
Supervisor's scheme much more Information could be made available to warn
drivers of any 'reporting' black spots or potential hazards. It is
quite conceivable that a more sophisticated system could be developed
which took into account even more variables... such as... the time of day: your speed: and decide whether to
inform: warn: or give
an 'extreme warning'. |
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i.e. System knows...
it's 8:30 on a Monday morning: knows the speed
limit is 30mph: knows you are approaching a primary school: knows drivers
need to do >20mph to avoid being reported: and knows you are doing
40mph. So issues an 'extreme warning', 'approaching school... Slow Down: under 20mph
recommended'. The system
could even record the fact that a warning was given... and the response.
Perhaps it would be possible to download the 'Memory' and see exactly how many 'warnings' were given over a
specific period... and the responses: [a bit like a black box flight
recorder:]
which might then be used by... Review Panels: Police: Courts: Parents:
Employers: etc. |
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If a driver just carried on
regardless in such circumstances and ran a child over... all the facts could be
made available to the Courts.
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by... Allowing
drivers to concentrate on their driving instead of looking at vehicle
instruments and watching for road signs. |
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| About the Driver. |
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area... that Road
Supervisors are most concerned with... Information about drivers. Supplied
to the driver about themselves... and to others... to ensure long term
improvement of some individuals... and a more general raising of standards by
everyone.
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| About Themselves. |
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The Old Way... Often drivers have very definite opinions about
other peoples' driving... but how does a driver get 'Feedback' about their
own driving? Maybe from
someone sitting in the vehicle with them, like a spouse: [and we all know
how well this goes down!] From... other drivers: hand gestures: and
verbal abuse: [Sorry, could you be more specific! why exactly do you think
I am a ------- Idiot?] or if stopped by Police... or involved in an accident. Very
often any 'Feedback' is just taken as criticism and is vigorously contested. |
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| The New Way...
Road
Supervisors is about supplying driver to driver Information and everything
in the 'Process' after that, is just aimed at ensuring the right response. Gives
drivers 'Feedback', [which is essential to iron out bad habits] on Reports and
detailed Inserts which are relevant to them. The 'Report' would be
coming from an experienced driver and basically say... 'This is what you were
doing... and this is why it was wrong': and the 'Insert', would be
originating from experts and basically saying...
'This is what you should be doing in the future'. |
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Back-seat drivers...
It is not an uncommon
experience to get into the car with someone you know very well... maybe,
someone who has been driving for years: [perhaps you have never been their
passenger before] and for the experience to be a real eye opener.
Once behind the wheel of a car some people display a whole different
side to their character. They may think that they are a very good
driver: [but they are surrounded by Idiots and Maniacs] while you are
taking a totally different perspective on the problem. But, would
you take it upon yourself to try and explain the problem? become a
back-seat driver... or just bite
your lip and vow never to get into a vehicle with them again.
Obviously in depends on the relationship... but there is no doubt that it
can be a very sensitive issue... and any 'Feedback' would probably go down
better from an unbiased source. |
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by... Improves
a person's driving by giving them Information about themselves... giving them
plenty of time to make changes... and 'fine tune' their driving skills... before anyone
else starts to get involved. It also lets the more serious offenders
know that any reckless behaviour is likely to be noticed and reported. |
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| About Others. |
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The Old Way... Generally, very
little is known about drivers... their 'Record' may consist of any fines or
convictions in a Court... and any Accidents recorded... but
very little else. |
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At a serious auto accident... Investigators may try and piece together tiny bits
of Information to try and establish exactly what happened... but without any
witnesses it can be very difficult to say who was at fault.
Sometimes there will be two totally different versions of the incident
described by those involved. When an individual stands up in Court... it is
quite possible that nothing will be known about them: [the Legal system
may say that this is a very good thing otherwise a person might not get a
fair trial] but a person's 'Record' may be taken into account at some stage
of the proceedings. |
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| The New Way...
Lots of
Information could be made available [about the most serious and persistent
offenders:]
to... the Police: and Courts: [we have no particular view as to when a
driver's 'Record' should be made available during Legal Proceedings... as
these vary so much between Countries] and to... Review Panels:
Employers: Family: etc. It would only really become necessary
for others to get involved if a driver had been reported many times... and
they were doing nothing to improve the situation.
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by... Systematically improving driving standards
through... Targeted Education:
Social Pressure: Enforcement: and
Punishment policies. |
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| Theft. |
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The Old Way... Gone
unless spotted by the Police... in which case a dangerous pursuit might
start.
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| The New Way. There is
already a 'Tracker' system for stolen vehicles. As a rule, we do not
believe that technology should take control away from the driver... many people actually enjoy driving and it can be very dangerous. But,
with stolen vehicles this is very
desirable. If thieves have obtained/forcibly taken the keys, as
often happens these days, the
vehicle could be tracked. Police could follow at a distance and once into position,
just ask a central control for the 'immobiliser' to be activated...
'Stop the engine... Lock all the doors'... and move in. Thieves
would have no idea what was happening until it was to late. |
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Some people... would definitely not like the
idea that
Police could punch in the details
of their vehicle and immediately know exactly where that vehicle was... had
been in the past... or track it to see where it was going. If a person
happened to be involved in some kind of criminal
activity that could certainly make life a lot more difficult for them. |
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| Reduces
Auto Accidents
by... Less
vehicles stolen for profit... less taken by 'joy riders'... or taken without
consent... knowing there would be a very good chance of
being caught. |
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| G.P.S.
Technology. |
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| Integrated Traffic System...
What is
the ideal situation to get to? Is it remotely possible using today's
Technology? Or conceivable in the not too distant future?
Everything mentioned below is already... on sale: available soon: in the
pipeline: or possible using present technology. How much further this
can be taken remains to be seen.
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Many aspects of driving... do or could use GPS Technology... but it would be
much better for drivers to have one Fully Integrated Traffic Management
System: [with a uniform standard for Software] than 3 or 4 separate
systems stuck around the dashboard doing totally separate jobs.
Perhaps this would involve using... GPS Technology: microchips: bar codes:
radio chips: Sensors placed along the
side of roads linked to a centralised computer: Cameras: WAP Technology: Voice Recognition Technology:
monitoring mobile phone signals: and
even Vehicles transmitting and receiving signals from each
other.
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Such a System... should be capable of dealing with... Traffic Information: Navigation: Road Conditions: and Security. A System could be... built in:
sold as a separate item: sent via WAP mobile phones: with companies producing software about particular areas.
Going on a trip to another Country? Just purchase a DVD from a local
shop...
download via the Internet... or direct to your mobile.
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| [Some of the
present 'top of the range' systems already have an amazing number of
features... such as the "Dell Axim X51 Bluetooth TM GPS"... a personal organiser... Internet access... and GPS Sat-Nav.
Driving? mount it in your car. Walking? carry it in your
pocket!] |
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Customise settings... Different levels of Information may be
required depending on the circumstances. Choose settings: Visual:
[flashing lights]
Audio: [beeps and buzzers] Voice: [specific instructions.] Going from
Home to Work? a journey you've done a thousand times before... set to
'Minimum',
only Traffic Information and 'extreme warnings'. Driving to a busy
City you've never been to before? set to 'Maximum'... Traffic: Navigation:
and Road conditions.
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So what might such a journey be like?
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Just tell the system...
the address you want to go to... it selects the best
route. If Traffic becomes congested along the route it might ask you
if you would like an alternate route. As well as giving clear
Directions it would also give details of any potential hazards... such as
'Accident' or 'Reporting' black spots. As the system knows exactly... where you
are: what the
speed limit is: your speed: time of day: and the fact that you are
approaching a school: [depending on the circumstances:] it could give a warning:
or an extreme warning... 'slow down...
school ahead'.
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| Reached the Town? just give the
System the name of the Town: then say 'Car Parks'-- 'Spaces'. It gives
you availability: 'xx Full: xx 200 spaces: xx 20 spaces:' if you want directions
just ask. Much more convenient for you... and less congestion as you're not
driving around and around a strange Town looking for an empty space.
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This sort of Information...
really needs to be accurate and reliable. If
someone is told there are many spaces and there aren't, or vice versa...
then credibility is lost and the Information will be ignored in future. |
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Technology...
offers many
opportunities to tackle old problems in new ways. So, whatever you think about these
issues... good or bad... we would like to hear your... opinions: comments: and
ideas. Either... E-mail us direct or
fill in a Feedback
Form,
More generally... if this sounds like a Project you would be interested in
becoming involved with have a look at our 'Help
Us' section for
details.
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